High Quality Filtering Solutions

The main source of particle contamination in HPLC columns originate in the sample to be analysed. Therefore, the final preparation step prior to sample injection into the HPLC instrument is to remove any small particulates from the sample by filtration. Removal of the solid materials is very important as they can interfere with the compound of interest and easily clog up the column being used. This will inevitably have a detrimental effect on the performance of the column, i.e. back pressure, peak size, retention time, peak shape. Severe contamination can lead to the column being irreversibly blocked and therefore having to be replaced. Other costs can include instrument downtime, and the loss of valuable samples.

Sample Types

Samples differ in a variety of ways, they may be heavily loaded with fine or coarse particulates, dissolved in aqueous or organic solvents with varying viscosities. To facilitate the most appropriate sample preparation result, filters should be optimised to match the particular requirements of each kind of sample being injected.

Standard Samples

A matrix of 5-10mL is the most common sample volume, with low viscosity, low particle contamination and dissolved in either an organic or an aqueous solvent. Greyhound Q-Fil Regenerated Cellulose Syringe Filters are an excellent choice for such samples. Their inert housing manufactured from high density medical grade virgin polypropylene, complete with the integrated Regenerated Cellulose (RC) membrane has a high chemical resistance against the most common HPLC solvents and is very suitable for aqueous samples. Every batch is HPLC-tested for low extractables. Whilst 0.45µm is the most commonly used membrane porosity, the 0.22µm membrane provides improved purity when using capillary columns or HPLC packings with a particle size of 3µm or less.

Demanding Samples

More difficult samples which contain high loads of particulates, high viscosity or unusually high volumes place additional challenges on the user when preparing samples for HPLC analysis. The particles have a tendency to block the filter, high viscosities will decrease the flow rate and high volumes increase the time required to complete the filtration process. These challenges often result in the user applying a greater degree of manual pressure to the process and potentially exceeding the maximum pressure limit of the filter with a subsequent risk of bursting the housing. As a result, the sample will be lost and a potential safety risk can arise if corrosive solvents or harmful chemicals are being filtered. To assist in overcoming these challenges, the use of Q-Fil Syringe Filters with a built in Glass Microfiber pre-filter are recommended. The pre-filter removes the larger particulates from the sample leaving only the smaller particulates to be filtered by the membrane. These filters increase the flow rate through the unit resulting in a higher volume of sample to be filtered and less pressure being required by the user.

Small Volume Samples

Smaller volume samples are often valuable and require special attention. Any loss of the analyte due to adsorption by the filter membrane or housing or a large dead volume can have a detrimental effect on the analysis. Smaller filters of 13mm and 4mm diameter decrease the dead volume to less than 25uL and 8uL respectively making them ideal for smaller volume samples.

Summary

Sample filtration is an important factor in ensuring that HPLC analysis is achieved in an efficient and cost-effective way. The extensive range of Q-Fil Syringe Filters have been developed to meet the demands of the analyst and the different sample matrices being used and without losing any of the important sample.

Quality is an Important Factor

Greyhound ensures that every batch of filters is manufactured and tested in accordance with strict ISO 9001:2000 quality procedures.

Greyhound ensures that each batch is checked prior to release for:

- External Dimensions - Bubble Point - Water Flow Rate - UV Extractables - Burst Pressure and compliance - Filter Integrity.

Choosing a filter on price against quality is not cost effective in the long run.  Although higher spec filters may seem expensive it is false economy to choose cheaper filters as their fail rate is much higher, causing delays in the laboratory.

Q-Fil Syringe Filters

How to choose the right syringe filter for your application

•          Choose the size of filter based on the volume of sample to be filtered
•          Choose the filters porosity based on the size of the potential particulates in the sample. It is important to be aware that the finer the porosity of the membrane the greater the pressure will be required to pass the sample through the filter. A sample containing large quantities of particulates is best filtered using a filter with a built-in glass microfiber pre-filter
•          Choose the type of membrane based on the solvent being filtered 

30mm Diameter Designed for the largest sample volumes or solvent filtration Filtration area 5.39cm2 Maximum filtration volume <200ml Maximum operating pressure 87psi (6.0 bar) at 20°C Sample volume <200ml Holdup volume <200µl
25mm Diameter Designed for larger sample volumes or solvent filtration Filtration area 4.08cm2 Maximum filtration volume >100ml Maximum operating pressure 87psi (6.0 bar) at 20°C Sample volume <100ml Holdup volume <100µl
13mm Diameter Suitable for most applications Filtration area 1.09cm2 Maximum filtration volume >10ml Maximum operating pressure 87psi (6.0 bar) at 20°C Sample volume <10ml Holdup volume <25µl
4mm Diameter Suitable for smaller volume applications Filtration area 0.1cm2 Maximum filtration volume <2ml Maximum operating pressure 75psi (5.0 bar) at 20°C Sample volume <2ml Holdup volume <8ul

 Pore Sizes

Q-Fil Syringe Filters are available in 0.22µm and 0.45µm pore sizes, (other pore sizes are available on request). The 0.22µm filters remove the smallest particulates whilst the 0.45µm filters are designed to remove particulates which would be detrimental to most analytical columns.

Pre-filters have a glass microfiber membrane which is chemically inert and resists most solvents. Q-Fil glass microfiber pre-filters are recommended for removing large particulates from the sample and are ideal for dissolution tests.

 Syringe Filters with Glass Microfiber Pre-Filter 

Greyhound Q-Fil Membrane Filters

 Q-Fil Membrane Filters set the new Quality standard for today’s analytical laboratories. Manufactured from the highest quality materials, Q-Fil Membrane Filters provide excellent chemical compatibility with acids, alcohols, bases, ethers, glycols, ketones and oils.

 As a trusted name in the supply of chromatography consumables and certified reference standards, Greyhound also offers a comprehensive selection of top quality own brand products including Capillary columns HPLC columns, Syringe Filters, Consumables etc. This catalogue contains details of our range of Q-Fil Membrane Filters.  Other product catalogues are available on request. 

 Membrane Filter Comparison Chart 

NYLON Features:  Hydrophilic membrane  Excellent for HPLC samples and general filtration  Compatible with organic and aqueous liquids  Good solvent resistance and high protein retention  Strong mechanical stability Not suitable for use with strong acids or bases, halogenated hydrocarbons or protein Special discounts are available for call-off and bulk orders, please enquire. Multiple Pore Sizes and Diameters Available.

PTFE Hydrophobic Features:  Hydrophobic membrane resistant to strong acids, aggressive solvents, alcohols, bases and aromatics  Ideal for the filtration and degassing of chromatography solvents and for extremely basic mobile phase solutions  Very low extractables  Mechanically strong  Excellent thermal stability Multiple Pore Sizes and Diameters Available.

PTFE Hydrophilic Features:  Hydrophilic membrane resistant to strong acids, aggressive solvents, alcohols, bases and aromatics  Ideal for the filtration and degassing of chromatography solvents and for extremely basic mobile phase solutions  Very low extractables  Mechanically strong  Excellent thermal stability Multiple Pore Sizes and Diameters Available.
CELLULOSE NITRATE Features:  Naturally hydrophilic  High physical strength  Ideal for clarification and filtration of aqueous samples  For immunoblotting, the high protein retention of Nitrocellulose is ideal to bind DNA Multiple Pore Sizes and Diameters available
CELLULOSE ACETATE Features:  Hydrophilic membrane  Ideal for aqueous based samples, tissue culture media filtration and sensitive biological samples  Very low protein binding capacity, lower than PVDF and PES membranes  High physical strength  Strength and dimension stability  Lower chemical resistance than Regenerated Cellulose  Multiple Pore Sizes and Diameters available.  PVDF (Hydrophobic) Features:  Polyvinylidene difluoride membrane  Hydrophobic  Wide chemical compatibility  Excellent mechanical properties  Resistant to solvents, exhibits low levels of extractables  Low protein binding, can be used with proteins and peptides  Suitable for filtration of aqueous and organic solvents Multiple Diameters and Pore Sizes Available
MIXED CELLULOSE ESTERS - Gridded Features: Gridded MCE membranes are unsupported natural hydrophilic filters which have clearly defined grid lines.  The special ink used is non-toxic and completely free from bacterial growth inhibitors.  Composed of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, they are one of the most widely used membranes in analytic and research applications. The white gridded disks are specially designed for the recovery and retention of E.Coli bacteria in water/waste water analysis as well as other microbiological tests.  The black gridded disks assist with manual counting procedures and provide enhanced contrast between residue or cell colours and the filter without having to counter stain the membrane.   Features  Hydrophobic  Gridded membrane is perfect for microbiology analysis  0.22µm, 0.45µm and 0.8µm pore sizes available  Sterilised by gamma irradiation  Individually packaged with easy to open separator paper Applications  Clarification of aqueous solvents, removal and analysis of microbiological contaminants  Sterilizing filtration, air monitoring, particle monitoring, particle removal, bioassay  Dairy microbiology, retention of yeast, moulds and algae  QC analysis of fluid holding, particle collection and analysis

GLASS FIBER Features:  Binder Free  Commonly used as pre-filters for membranes to remove large particulates and prevent the membrane from silting   up  Extends the loading capacity of filter membranes  High flow rate and high permeability to air  Reduce filtration costs and premature clogging of membranes when filtering difficult or highly contaminated solutions  Excellent wet strength for easy handling and filter integrity Multiple Pore Sizes and Dimensions available.

All Greyhound Vacuum Filtration Devices are made of stainless steel which is suitable for filtration, especially in the microbiological field.    Each station uses a separate control valve for independent operation, is easy to use and to disinfect.  The multiple unit systems can filtrate three or six samples at the same time at a low flow rate, with high sensitivity.  Sturdy won’t tip when fully loaded due to the units having a low centre of gravity.  Anodized aluminum handles on both ends are designed for positioning on a benchtop.

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PFAS and Other Toxic Forever Chemicals in Drinking Water 

For over 30 years the European Union have worked tirelessly to protect the integrity of our drinking water.  EU officials have recently reached a provisional agreement to update the Union's 1998 Drinking Water Directive to tighten up the permissible limits allowed for both PFAS and several other drinking water contaminants, including bisphenol-A, microplastics, lead and chromium.   The at the time of writing the European Parliament and Council are still to formally approve the proposal. 

European drinking water standards currently far exceed the standards set in the United States but this is a changing picture as state by state new instances of contaminants are emerging.  Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has only issued a nonenforceable health advisory of 70 ppt for PFOA, formerly used by DuPont to make Teflon, and PFOS, formerly an ingredient in 3M’s Scotchgard. Those compounds are no longer manufactured in the U.S., but they and other PFAS contaminate the drinking water for an estimated 110 million Americans. PFOA, PFOS and some other PFAS chemicals have been linked to cancer, thyroid disease, reproductive and immune system problems, and other health harms.

The european Parliament and the Council of the European Union have released new requirements for the analysis of per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water intended for human consumption (5813/20).  This amendment to Council Directive 98/83/EC included perfluoroalkanesulfonates that are not commercially available.  In response to this Wellington Labroatories, Canada, is pleased to announce that its chemists have synthesized, purified, characterized and prepared accurate certified reference standards of the required substances: sodium perfluoro-1-undecanesulfonate (L-PFUds) and sodium perfluoro-1-tridecanesulfonate (L-PFTrDS).  Wellington Laboratories have also prepared a native solution/mixture (EU-5813-NSS) that contains all of the PFAS listed in the drinking water directive (5813/20) for your convenience.  This solution/mixture can be used in conjunction with two of Wellington's existing mass-labelled PFAS mixtures to easily prepare a calibration set for quantification. 

Suggested extraction standard mixture :  MPFAC-C-ES

Suggested injection standard mixture:     MPFAC-C-IS

ChemSec is an international non-profit organization that works to phase out harmful chemicals in favor of safe alternatives. In their work, ChemSec wants to create a strong link between researchers, decision makers and companies in the fight against harmful chemicals. By joining ChemSec's PFAS movement, companies commit to work towards getting all PFAS chemicals covered by EU’s chemicals legislation, REACH, which lists the harmful chemicals banned from use in the EU, phased out from supply chains.

                                                        JOIN    

Like a number of other large companies, Greyhound Chromatography has joined the Swedish non-profit organization ChemSecs PFAS movement. The movement is working to have a number of harmful fluorinated compounds – known as “forever chemicals”, since they don’t degrade – phased out and banned.

Wellington Laboratories Quality Management

The people at Wellington are committed to the distribution of quality products as well as the maintenance of excellent customer service. In fact, in order to provide you with the best possible service, we now have three ISO certifications (ISO 9001:2015, ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 17034:2016) which cover all aspects of planning, production, testing, distribution, and post-distribution service. 

These certifications allow us to monitor and maintain the highest level of quality and service and also allow our customers to satisfy the requirements of their own ISO certifications. 

Our ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accreditation has been certified by the Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation Inc. (CALA) and our scope is available for review on the CALA Directory of Accredited Laboratories (http://www.cala.ca). 

 Similarly, our ISO 17034:2016 accreditation has been certified by ANSI National Accreditation Board (ANAB) and our certificate and scope are also available on their website (http://anab.org/). 

 If you require a hard copy of any of our ISO certificates, please do not hesitate to contact us at info@well-labs.com. 

B. CHITTIM	C. TASHIRO	N. RIDDELL

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 Tel:        +44 (0) 151 649 4000  

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